Review on Echinacea and it’s Species

 

Mr. Ritik. S. Jain, Ms. Kavita B. Dhangar, Mr. Harish P. Jaiswal, Mr. Azam Z. Shaikh

Department of Pharmacognosy, Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha, Dist. Dhule.

 

ABSTRACT:

Today many diseases affect the human. For treatment of these diseases we use different types chemical based medicines so these medicines sometime exert side-effects on human body. So for avoiding these side-effects we use different herbs which have lot of medicinal property but rarer side-effects. So Echinacea is one of them herb which are used to treat many diseases. But due to improper information about these herb avoid the use. Echinachea have many property like Antibiotics, Antiviral, Antifungal etc.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Echinacea is a genus or group of herbaceous flowering plants in the daisy family. The genus Echinacea has many species which are commonly called as cone-flower^[1]. Echinacea also known as the purple coneflower, is an herbal medicine that has been used for centuries, customarily as a treatment for the common cold, coughs, bronchitis, upper respiratory infections, and some inflammatory conditions^[4].

 

The generic name is derived from the Greek word “Ekhinos” means “Sea Orchin” due to spiny central disk.^[1]

General Classification of Echinacea:

Kingdom         -     Plantae

Clade               -     Tracheophytes

Clade               -     Angiosperms

Clade               -     Eudicots

Clade               -     Asterids

Order               -     Asterales

Family             -     Asteraceae

Sub-Family    -     Asteroideae

Sub-tribe         -     Helianthodae

Tribe                -     Heliantheae

Genus              –    Echinacea ^[1]

 

Uses of Echinacea in the following treatments

1.     Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

2.     Bee stings

3.     Bloodstream infections

4.     Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

5.     Cold sores (herpes labialis)

6.     Cough

7.     Diphtheria

8.     Dizziness

9.     Eczema

10. High fever or other allergies

11. HIV/AIDS

12. Indigestion

13. Malaria

14. Migraine headaches

15. Pain

16. Rattlesnake bites

17. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

18. Strep infections

19. Swine flu

20. Syphilis

21. Typhoid

22. Urinary tract infections (UITs)

23. Yeast infections.^[2]

 

General Medicinal Property of Echinacea:

1.     Antibiotic ^[2]

2.     Antiviral ^[2]

3.     Antiviral ^[2]

4.     Anti-fungal ^[2]

5.     Disinfectant ^[2]

6.     Anti-inflammatory ^[3]

7.     Anti-oxidants ^[3]

8.     Immune-strengthening ^[3]

 

Benefits of Echinacea Tea:

1.     Its fight the flu

2.     Its helps control blood sugar

3.     Aids healthy cell growth

4.     Potentially reduces risk of breast cancer

5.     Helps manage anxiety

6.     Lower blood pressure

7.     Reduces inflammation ^[3]

 

Side Effects of Echinacea

1.     Nausea

2.     Mild stomach pain ^[3]

 

Discussion about Echinacea Species

There are several species of echinacea are available from which some are used in the folk of medicine but some are categorized in endangered species.

 

Echinacea species:

1.     Echinacea purpurea

Kingdom           -   Plantae

Clade                 -   Tracheophytes

Clade                 -   Angiosperms

Clade                 -   Eudicots

Clade                 -   Asterids

Order                  -   Asterales

Family               -   Asteraceae

Sub-Family       -   Asteroideae

Sub-tribe            -   Helianthodae

Tribe                   -   Heliantheae

Genus                 -   Echinacea ^[1]

Species               -   E. purpurea

 

2.     Echinacea laevigata

Kingdom           -   Plantae

Clade                 -   Tracheophytes

Clade                 -   Angiosperms

Clade                 -   Eudicots

Clade                 -   Asterids

Order                  -   Asterales

Family               -   Asteraceae

Sub-Family       -   Asteroideae

Sub-tribe            -   Helianthodae

Tribe                   -   Heliantheae

Genus                 -   E. chinacea ^[1]

Species               -   E. laevigata

 

3.     Echinacea tennesseenisis

Kingdom           -   Plantae

Clade                 -   Tracheophytes

Clade                 -   Angiosperms

Clade                 -   Eudicots

Clade                 -   Asterids

Order                  -   Asterales

Family               -   Asteraceae

Sub-Family       -   Asteroideae

Sub-tribe            -   Helianthodae

Tribe                   -   Heliantheae

Genus                 -   Echinacea ^[1]

Species               -   E. tennesseenisis

 

4.     Echinacea pallida

Kingdom           -   Plantae

Clade                 -   Tracheophytes

Clade                 -   Angiosperms

Clade                 -   Eudicots

Clade                 -   Asterids

Order                  -   Asterales

Family               -   Asteraceae

Sub-Family       -   Asteroideae

Sub-tribe            -   Helianthodae

Tribe                   -   Heliantheae

Genus                 -   Echinacea ^[1]

Species               -   E. pallida

 

5.     Echinacea augustifolia

Kingdom           -   Plantae

Clade                 -   Tracheophytes

Clade                 -   Angiosperms

Clade                 -   Eudicots

Clade                 -   Asterids

Order                  -   Asterales

Family               -   Asteraceae

Sub                     -   Family-Asteroideae

Sub                     -   tribe-Helianthodae

Tribe                   -   Helianthea

Genus                 -   Echinacea

Species               -   Echinachea augustifolia

 

6.       Echinacea stimulate

Kingdom       -       Plantae

Clade             -       Tracheophytes

Clade             -       Angiosperms

Clade             -       Eudicots

Clade             -       Asterids

Order              -       Asterales

Family           -       Asteraceae

Sub                 -       Family-Asteroideae

Sub                 -       tribe-Helianthodae

Tribe               -       Heliantheae

Genus             -       Echinacea

Species           -       Echinacea stimulate

 

7.     Echinacea serotina

Kingdom           -   Plantae

Clade                 -   Tracheophytes

Clade                 -   Angiosperms

Clade                 -   Eudicots

Clade                 -   Asterids

Order                  -   Asterales

Family               -   Asteraceae

Sub-Family       -   Asteroideae

Sub-tribe            -   Helianthodae

Tribe                   -   Heliantheae

Genus                 -   Echinacea

Species               -   Echinacea serotina

 

CONCLUSION:

From that is concluded that the herb Echinacea has rarer side-effects but having more medicinal properties like Antiviral, Antibiotics, Anti-fungal etc. Also it was already used in many treatment to cure diseases.

 

REFERENCE:

1.     http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinacea.

2.     Research article on Therotical Study and treatment of Novel COVID-19 by Paresh A. Patil and Ritik S. Jain published in Research Journal of pharmacology and pharmacodynamics, Vol 12, Issue-2, April-June 2020.

3.     Medically reviewed by Natalie Olsen, RD, LD, ACSM EP-C on May 4, 2017- Written by Kathryn Watson.

4.     Uses of Echinacea by Susan S Percival in Biochemical Pharmacology, Vol 60, Issue 2, 15 July 2000, Page No.155-158

 

Accepted on 14.07.2020      ©Asian Pharma Press All Right Reserved